進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程日益加快，企業(yè)面臨著更加激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，資源在全球范圍內(nèi)的流動(dòng)和配置大大加強(qiáng)，世界各國(guó)更加重視物流發(fā)展對(duì)于本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國(guó)民生活素質(zhì)和軍事實(shí)力增強(qiáng)的影響，都十分重視物流業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化，從而使現(xiàn)代物流呈現(xiàn)出一系列新的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外物流發(fā)展的新情況，21世紀(jì)物流的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)可以歸納為信息化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、自動(dòng)化、電子化、共享化、協(xié)同化、集成化、智能化、柔性化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、社會(huì)化和全球化十二大趨勢(shì)。

Entering the new century, because of the global economy integration quickening, enterprise is facing more intense competition environment, the flow of resources across the globe and configuration greatly strengthen, countries all over the world pay more attention to logistics development for its economic development, national life quality and enhance the influence of military strength, has attached great importance to the modernization of the logistics industry, which makes the modern logistics development present a series of new trend. According to the new situation of logistics development at home and abroad, the development trend of logistics in the 21st century can be summarized as the informationization, networking, automation, electronic, sharing, collaboration, integration, intelligence, flexibility, standardization and socialization and twelve big trend of globalization.

一、信息化

    現(xiàn)代社會(huì)已經(jīng)步入了信息時(shí)代，物流的信息化是整個(gè)社會(huì)信息化的必然要求和重要組成部分。物流信息化表現(xiàn)在：物流信息的商品化，物流信息收集的代碼化和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)化，物流信息處理的電子化和計(jì)算機(jī)化，物流信息傳遞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和實(shí)時(shí)化，物流信息存貯的數(shù)字化和物流業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的共享化等。信息化是現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，沒(méi)有物流的信息化，任何先進(jìn)的技術(shù)裝備都無(wú)法用于物流領(lǐng)域，信息技術(shù)在物流中的應(yīng)用將會(huì)徹底改變世界物流的面貌，一些新的物流信息技術(shù)在未來(lái)的物流中將會(huì)得到普遍采用。

    信息化的來(lái)臨為人們帶來(lái)了一種新的生活方式和工作方式，這些新方式又導(dǎo)致了物流功能的改變。信息化使得那些在工業(yè)社會(huì)里的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)中心、商業(yè)貿(mào)易中心發(fā)揮的主導(dǎo)功能隨著傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)功能的轉(zhuǎn)移而消失，物流不再僅僅傳輸產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也在傳輸信息，各種信息被聚集在物流中心，經(jīng)過(guò)加工、處理、再傳播出去。傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)社會(huì)物流以物為對(duì)象，聚集擴(kuò)散的是物；信息社會(huì)是以信息為對(duì)象，物流中心的聚散功能除實(shí)物之外，還要完成對(duì)各種信息的聚集和擴(kuò)散。總之，信息社會(huì)使物流的功能更強(qiáng)大，并形成一個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合服務(wù)中心。

Modern society has stepped into the information age, the logistics informatization is the inevitable requirement of the social informationization and an important part. Logistics information displays in: the commercialization of logistics information, logistics information collection of code and database, and logistics information processing of electronic and computerized, logistics standardization and real-time information, logistics information digital storage and logistics business data sharing and so on.Informationization is the foundation of modern logistics development, there is no logistics information, any advanced technology and equipment cannot be used in the logistics field, application of information technology in logistics will completely change the face of the world logistics, some of the new logistics information technology in the future will be universally adopted

The advent of information technology brings a new way of life for people and the way of working, these new ways and leads to a change in the function of logistics. Informationization makes those in industrial society production center, trade center play the dominant function of disappear along with the transfer of the traditional production function, logistics is no longer just transmission products, and transport information, at the same time, all kinds of information is gathered in the center of the logistics, after processing, processing, and spread out. The traditional logistics industry society as the object, the object is gathered diffusion; Information society is the information for objects, accumulation and dispersion function of logistics center in addition to physical, but also complete aggregation and diffusion of all kinds of information.Anyway, to make logistics more powerful information society, and form a comprehensive service center of the social economy.

二、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化

    網(wǎng)絡(luò)化是指物流配送系統(tǒng)的組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。從組織上來(lái)講，它是供應(yīng)鏈成員間的物理聯(lián)系和業(yè)務(wù)體系，如臺(tái)灣的電腦業(yè)在20世紀(jì)90年代創(chuàng)的“全球運(yùn)籌式產(chǎn)銷模式”，它是按客戶訂單、采取分散形式組織生產(chǎn)，將全球的制造資源都利用起來(lái)，將電腦的所有零部件、元器件、芯片外包給世界各地的制造商采取外包的形式去生產(chǎn)，然后通過(guò)全球的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)將這些零部件、元器件、芯片發(fā)往同一個(gè)物流配送中心進(jìn)行組裝，由該物流配送中心將組裝的電腦迅速發(fā)送給訂戶。這種過(guò)程需要有高效的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持。而信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)是供應(yīng)鏈上企業(yè)之間的業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)作通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的傳遞和共享，并運(yùn)用電子方式完成操作。例如配送中心向供應(yīng)商發(fā)放訂單就可以利用網(wǎng)上的電子訂貨系統(tǒng)通過(guò)Internet和EDI來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，對(duì)下游分銷商的送貨通知也可通過(guò)網(wǎng)上的分銷系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，等等。

Networking refers to the logistics distribution system´s network and information network system. Organizationally speaking, it is the physical links between the members of the supply chain and business systems, such as the computer industry in Taiwan in the 1990 s and the marketing pattern of "global logistics", it is according to the customers´ orders, organize production by way of spread, the global manufacturing resources are used up, will all the spare parts, components, computer chips to manufacturers around the world to take the form of outsourcing to production, and then through the global logistics network will these spare parts, components, chip to assemble the same logistics distribution center, by the logistics distribution center will be assembled computer quickly sent to the subscriber.This process needs to have efficient logistics network support. And information network is the supply chain between enterprises on the business operation to realize the information transfer via the Internet and the sharing and use of electronic means complete the operation. Such as the distribution center to issue orders to suppliers that can make use of online electronic ordering system through the Internet and EDI implementation, delivery notice for downstream distributors also can through an online distribution system, and so on.

三、自動(dòng)化

    物流自動(dòng)化的基礎(chǔ)是信息化，核心是機(jī)電一體化，其外在表現(xiàn)是無(wú)人化，效果是省力化。此外，物流自動(dòng)化的效果還有：擴(kuò)大物流作業(yè)能力、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、減少物流作業(yè)的差錯(cuò)等。物流自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)很多，如條碼技術(shù)、射頻自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)，自動(dòng)化立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)回來(lái)技術(shù)，自動(dòng)存取技術(shù)，自動(dòng)分揀技術(shù)，自動(dòng)導(dǎo)向和自動(dòng)定位技術(shù)，貨物自動(dòng)跟蹤技術(shù)等。這些技術(shù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)普遍使用于物流作業(yè)中，在我國(guó)，雖然某些自動(dòng)化技術(shù)已被采用，但達(dá)到普遍應(yīng)用還需要相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。

Logistics informatization is the basis of automation, the core is mechanical and electrical integration, its external expression is unmanned, effect is ShengLiHua. In addition, the effect of logistics automation include: expanding logistics operation capacity, improve labor productivity, reduce logistics operation error, etc. Many logistics automation technology, such as bar code technology, radio frequency automatic identification technology, automatic solid warehouse back technology, automatic access to technology, automatic sorting technology, automatic guided and automatic positioning technology, automatic tracking technology of goods, etc. These techniques have been widely used in the economic developed countries in logistics operations, in our country, while some automation technology has been adopted, but achieve widespread application need quite a long time.

四、電子化

    所謂電子化是指商業(yè)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)電子化，即電子商務(wù)。它同樣也是以信息化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化為基礎(chǔ)的。電子化具體表現(xiàn)為：實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)流程及其每一步驟的電子化、無(wú)紙化；所有商務(wù)涉及的貨幣實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化和電子化；交易商品實(shí)現(xiàn)符號(hào)化、數(shù)字化；業(yè)務(wù)處理過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)全程自動(dòng)化和透明化；交易場(chǎng)所和市場(chǎng)空間實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬化；消費(fèi)行為實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)性化；企業(yè)之間或供應(yīng)鏈之間實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)邊界化；市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和全球化，等等。作為電子商務(wù)發(fā)展關(guān)鍵性因素之一的物流，是商流、信息流和資金流的基礎(chǔ)與載體。全球電子商務(wù)的推廣和普及將使得跨國(guó)和跨區(qū)域物流更加頻繁，對(duì)物流的需求會(huì)更加強(qiáng)烈。物流中心不僅要成為信息聚散中心，而且還會(huì)成為管理決策中心、觀念與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心、市場(chǎng)和消費(fèi)中心。

Electronic refers to the business process to achieve electronic, namely the electronic commerce. It is also based on informatization and network into. Electronic embodied in: implement the business process and each step of electronic, paperless; All business involved in digitizing and electronic currency; Trading commodity symbolic and digital; Business process to achieve full automation and transparency; Trading venues and implement virtualization market space; Consumer behavior achieve personalized; Between enterprise or supply chain implementation without BianJieHua; Market structure to realize networking and globalization, and so on.As e-commerce development is one of the key factors of logistics, business flow, information flow and cash flow is the basis and carrier. The promotion and popularization of global e-commerce will make transnational and trans-regional logistics more frequently, the demand for logistics has become more intense. Logistics center is not only to become the center of information gathering, and will become the center of management decisions, ideas and technology innovation center, market and consumption.

五、共享化

    供應(yīng)鏈管理強(qiáng)調(diào)鏈上成員的協(xié)作和社會(huì)整體資源的高效利用，以最合理的、最少的資源來(lái)最大化地滿足整體市場(chǎng)的需求。而供應(yīng)鏈上的企業(yè)只有在建立互惠互利的共贏伙伴關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)程間的高度協(xié)作和資源的高效利用，只有通過(guò)資源共享、信息共享、技術(shù)共享、知識(shí)共享、業(yè)務(wù)流程等的共享，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)資源優(yōu)化配置和供應(yīng)鏈上物流業(yè)務(wù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)以及更快地對(duì)終端市場(chǎng)和整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈上的需求作出響應(yīng)。近年來(lái)，一些新型的供應(yīng)鏈管理策略，如供應(yīng)商管理庫(kù)存VMI、第四方物流4PL、JIT II、協(xié)同計(jì)劃、預(yù)測(cè)和供給CPFR、零售商－供應(yīng)商伙伴關(guān)系RSP以及分銷商一體化DI等都能很好地使供應(yīng)鏈上的企業(yè)有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)信息、技術(shù)、知識(shí)、客戶和市場(chǎng)等資源的共享化。

In the chain of supply chain management emphasis on members of the collaboration of efficient utilization of resources and society as a whole, with the most reasonable, the least amount of resources to maximize meet the demand of the market as a whole. Only in building enterprises in the supply chain, on the basis of mutually beneficial win-win partnership, to achieve business process between the height of the collaboration and efficient utilization of resources, it is only through resources sharing, information sharing, technology sharing, knowledge sharing and business process of sharing, to achieve optimal allocation of social resources and supply chain logistics business advantage complementary and faster on the terminal markets and throughout the supply chain needs to respond.In recent years, some new type of supply chain management strategy, such as vendor managed inventory, VMI, fourth party logistics (4 pl, JIT II, CPFR collaborative planning, forecasting and supply distributor, retailer and supplier partnership RSP and integration of DI and so on all can make the enterprise in the supply chain effectively implement information, technology, resource sharing and so on knowledge, customer and market.

六、協(xié)同化

    市場(chǎng)需求的瞬息萬(wàn)變、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的日益激烈都要求企業(yè)和整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈具有更快的響應(yīng)速度和協(xié)同運(yùn)作的能力，以及對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈上的前向洞察力。通過(guò)與供應(yīng)商和客戶的實(shí)時(shí)溝通與協(xié)同，企業(yè)一方面能使供應(yīng)商對(duì)自己的需求具有可預(yù)見(jiàn)能力，使其能提供更好的價(jià)格和服務(wù)，同時(shí)對(duì)其供應(yīng)能力也有較好地預(yù)見(jiàn)性，為自己長(zhǎng)期的、充足的供給業(yè)務(wù)提供了保障；另一方面，自己也能及時(shí)了解客戶的需求信息，在多變的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境中保持更快的響應(yīng)能力，跟蹤和監(jiān)控需求滿足的過(guò)程，準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)、優(yōu)質(zhì)地將產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)遞交到客戶手中。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)物流作業(yè)的協(xié)同預(yù)測(cè)、規(guī)劃和供應(yīng)，快速響應(yīng)和供應(yīng)鏈上總庫(kù)存的最佳配置等目標(biāo)，需要做到與客戶和合作伙伴間業(yè)務(wù)流程的緊密集成，達(dá)到零阻力、無(wú)時(shí)差的協(xié)作，共同分享業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)、聯(lián)合進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)和計(jì)劃、管理執(zhí)行以及完成績(jī)效評(píng)估等。而只有企業(yè)間真正達(dá)到了彼此協(xié)同，才能使物流作業(yè)的響應(yīng)速度更快、更具有前向的預(yù)見(jiàn)性、更好地共同抵御各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、降低成本和提高產(chǎn)出，滿足客戶的需求。

Market demand of the rapidly changing and increasingly intense competitive environment require that enterprises and the whole supply chain has faster response speed and ability to work together, as well as to the former in the supply chain to insight. Through real-time communication and collaboration with suppliers and customers, enterprises on the one hand can make the suppliers for their requirements have predictable ability, make its can provide better price and service, at the same time also has better predictive for the supply ability, for their long term, provides the guarantee adequate supply business;Myself, on the other hand, also can understand customer´s demand information in time, in the changeable market environment to maintain faster response ability, tracking and monitoring requirements to meet process, accurate, timely, high quality products and services to submit to the customer.
In order to achieve the collaborative forecasting, planning and supply of the logistics operation, fast response and the configuration of supply chain total inventory target, need to do with the close integration of business processes between customers and partners, to achieve zero resistance, no jet lag collaboration, sharing business data, combined to forecast and plan, manage, perform and complete the performance evaluation, etc. And only really reached the coordination each other between enterprises, in order to make response speed faster, more logistics operations have to proactive, common protection against various risks, reduce costs and increase output, to meet customer demand.

 

七、集成化

      供應(yīng)鏈物流業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)是由多個(gè)成員、多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)組成的，全球化和協(xié)同化的物流運(yùn)作方式要求物流業(yè)務(wù)中的所有成員和環(huán)節(jié)在整個(gè)流程上的業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)作銜接的更加緊密，因此，必須對(duì)這些成員和環(huán)節(jié)的業(yè)務(wù)、以及業(yè)務(wù)處理過(guò)程中的信息進(jìn)行高度集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈的整體化和集成化運(yùn)作，縮短供應(yīng)鏈的相對(duì)長(zhǎng)度，使供應(yīng)鏈上的物流作業(yè)務(wù)更流暢、產(chǎn)出率更高，響應(yīng)速度更快，使各環(huán)節(jié)的業(yè)務(wù)更加接近客戶和客戶的需求。這種集成化的基礎(chǔ)是業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)程的優(yōu)化和管理信息系統(tǒng)的集成，而二者都需要有完善的信息系統(tǒng)解決方案通過(guò)決策、優(yōu)化、計(jì)劃、執(zhí)行等方法和功能來(lái)予以支持，并使所有成員各自的信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行無(wú)縫連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)集成、信息集成、業(yè)務(wù)集成、流程集成、資源集成。同時(shí)，集成化也是共享化和協(xié)同化的基礎(chǔ)，如果不首先實(shí)現(xiàn)集成，就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)共享化和協(xié)同化。

Supply chain logistics business is composed of multiple members, multiple links, globalization and co-ordinated way of logistics operation requires all members of the logistics business and links in the entire process of business operations more closely, therefore, must to these members and link the information in the business, and business process is a highly integrated, to achieve supply chain integration and integrated operation, shorten the relative length of the supply chain, made in the supply chain logistics business more smoothly, and productivity, and the response speed faster, make each link business more close to the customer and customer´s demand
This integration is the basis of business process optimization and integration of management information system, and both need to have perfect information system solutions through methods such as decision making, optimization, planning, executing and functionality to support, and make all members of their respective information system for seamless connection, the realization of system integration, information integration, business integration, process integration, resources integration. At the same time, the integration is the basis for the sharing and collaboration, if not to be the first to realize the integration, can realize the sharing and collaboration.

八、智能化

     智能化是自動(dòng)化、信息化的一種高層次應(yīng)用。物流作業(yè)過(guò)程涉及大量的運(yùn)籌和決策，如物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化、運(yùn)輸（搬運(yùn)）路徑的選擇、每次運(yùn)輸?shù)难b載量選擇，多種貨物的拼裝優(yōu)化、運(yùn)輸工具的排程和調(diào)度、庫(kù)存水平的確定、補(bǔ)貨策略的選擇、有限資源的調(diào)配、配送策略的選擇等問(wèn)題都需要進(jìn)行優(yōu)化處理，這些都需要管理者借助優(yōu)化的、智能工具和大量的現(xiàn)代物流知識(shí)來(lái)解決。同時(shí)，近年來(lái)，專家系統(tǒng)、人工智能、仿真學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、智能商務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和機(jī)器人等相關(guān)技術(shù)在國(guó)際上已經(jīng)有比較成熟的研究成果，并在實(shí)際物流作業(yè)中得到了較好的應(yīng)用。因此，物流的智能化已經(jīng)成為物流發(fā)展的一個(gè)新趨勢(shì)。

Intelligence is a high level of automation, informationization application. Logistics operation process involves a large number of management and decision-making, such as the design and optimization of the logistics network, transport (carry) the choice of the path, each transport load selection, variety of goods assembled optimization, transportation scheduling and scheduling, inventory levels, the selection of procurement strategy, the deployment of limited resources, the distribution and the choice of strategy problem needs to be optimized, this requires managers with the tools of optimization, intelligent and a lot of knowledge to solve the modern logistics.At the same time, in recent years, the expert system, artificial intelligence, simulation, operations research, business intelligence, data mining and related technology such as robots on international already have more mature research achievements, and obtained the good application in the actual logistics operation. Therefore, logistics intelligent has become a new trend of logistics development.

九、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

     標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)也是現(xiàn)代物流技術(shù)的一個(gè)顯著特征和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，同時(shí)也是現(xiàn)代物流技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的根本保證。貨物的運(yùn)輸配送、存儲(chǔ)保管、裝卸搬運(yùn)、分類包裝、流通加工等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，都要求必須有一套科學(xué)的作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。例如，物流設(shè)施、設(shè)備及商品包裝的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化等，只有實(shí)現(xiàn)了物流系統(tǒng)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)物流技術(shù)的信息化、自動(dòng)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化等。特別是在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易全球化的新世紀(jì)中，如果在國(guó)際間沒(méi)有形成物流作業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的全球化物流運(yùn)作，這將阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。

Standardization technology is a remarkable feature of modern logistics technology and development trend, at the same time also is the fundamental guarantee of modern logistics technology. Transportation and delivery of goods, storage, warehousing, loading and unloading handling, sorting, packaging, circulation processing and so on each link in the application of information technology requires that there must have a set of scientific operation standard.For example, the standardization of logistics facilities, equipment and goods packaging, only to implement the standardization of logistics system in each link, can we truly realize the informatization of logistics technology, automation, networked, intelligent, etc. Especially in the new era of economic globalization and the globalization of trade, if there are no formed the international standardization of logistics operations, will not be able to implement efficient global logistics operation, which could hamper the development of economic globalization process.

十、柔性化

     柔性化本來(lái)是生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域提出來(lái)的，20世紀(jì)90年代，生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域?yàn)榱烁玫貪M足消費(fèi)者的個(gè)性化需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)多品種、小批量以及靈活易變的生產(chǎn)方式，國(guó)際制造業(yè)推出柔性制造系統(tǒng)FMS（Flexible Manufacturing System），實(shí)行柔性化生產(chǎn)。隨后，柔性化作業(yè)又?jǐn)U展到了流通領(lǐng)域，根據(jù)供應(yīng)鏈末端市場(chǎng)的需求組織生產(chǎn)、安排物流活動(dòng)。物流作業(yè)的柔性化是生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域柔性化的進(jìn)一步延長(zhǎng)，它可以幫助物流企業(yè)更好地適應(yīng)消費(fèi)需求的“多品種、小批量、多批次、短周期”趨勢(shì)，靈活地組織和實(shí)完成流作業(yè)，為客戶提供定制化的物流服務(wù)來(lái)滿足他們的個(gè)性化需求。

Production field of flexibility was proposed, in the 1990 s, the production area in order to better meet the personalized needs of consumers, to realize many varieties, small batch production mode and Flexible changeable, launched the international Manufacturing Flexible Manufacturing System FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System), a Flexible production.
Subsequently, flexible operation in circulation field, according to the demand of the market at the end of supply chain organization production, arrange the logistics activity. Logistics job flexibility is the further extension of the production flexibility, it can help the logistics enterprises to better adapt to consumer demand "many varieties, small batch, batches and short cycle" trend, flexible organization and complete flow operation, to provide customized logistics services to meet their individual needs.

十一、社會(huì)化

     物流的社會(huì)化也是今后物流發(fā)展的方向，其最明顯的的趨勢(shì)就是物流業(yè)中出現(xiàn)“第三方物流”和“第四方物流”等方式。物流合理化的一個(gè)重要方面就是物流活動(dòng)的社會(huì)化，物流的社會(huì)化一方面是為了滿足企業(yè)物流活動(dòng)社會(huì)化要求而形成的，另一方面又為企業(yè)的物流活動(dòng)提供了社會(huì)保障。而第三方、第四方乃至未來(lái)發(fā)展形成的第N方物流是隨著物流業(yè)發(fā)展到一定階段必然出現(xiàn)的產(chǎn)物，在某種意義上，可以說(shuō)它是物流過(guò)程產(chǎn)業(yè)化和專業(yè)化的一種形式。因此，學(xué)術(shù)界預(yù)測(cè)下階段的物流將向虛擬物流和第N方物流發(fā)展，除了物流活動(dòng)外，物流管理也將逐漸被外包出去。這將使企業(yè)告別“小而全、大而全”的縱向一體化運(yùn)作模式，轉(zhuǎn)向新型的橫向一體化的運(yùn)作模式，集中精力去做自己最擅長(zhǎng)的業(yè)務(wù)，增強(qiáng)自己的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

Direction for the socialization of logistics and logistics development in the future, the most obvious is the trend of logistics industry in the "third-party logistics" and "the fourth party logistics", etc. Logistics rationalization is an important aspect of the socialization of logistics activities, logistics socialization, on the one hand is to satisfy the business enterprise logistics activities and form the social requirement, on the other hand, the logistics activities provide the social security for the enterprise.And the third party, the fourth party and even the development of the future form of N party logistics is along with the logistics industry development to a certain stage inevitable product, in a sense, it is a form of industrial and professional logistics process. Academics predict, therefore, under the stage of the logistics to N party logistics and virtual logistics development, in addition to the logistics activity and logistics management will gradually be outsourced. This will make the enterprise farewell "conveniently small, instead of" vertical integration operation mode, turned to the horizontal integration of the new mode of operation, concentrate to do his best in business, enhance their core competitiveness.

十二、全球化

    為了實(shí)現(xiàn)資源和商品在國(guó)際間的高效流動(dòng)與交換，促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和全球資源優(yōu)化配置的要求，物流運(yùn)作必須要向全球化的方向發(fā)展。在全球化趨勢(shì)下，物流目標(biāo)是為國(guó)際貿(mào)易和跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)提供服務(wù)，選擇最佳的方式與路徑，以最低的費(fèi)用和最小的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，保質(zhì)、保量、準(zhǔn)時(shí)地將貨物從某國(guó)的供方運(yùn)到另一國(guó)的需方，使各國(guó)物流系統(tǒng)相互“接軌”, 它代表物流發(fā)展的更高階段。

    進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)的中國(guó)，正肩負(fù)著實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化、加快現(xiàn)代化的艱巨性的歷史性重任。面對(duì)著信息全球化化的浪潮，信息化已成為加快實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化的必然選擇。中國(guó)提出要走新型工業(yè)化道路，其實(shí)質(zhì)就是以信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化、以工業(yè)化促進(jìn)信息化，達(dá)到互動(dòng)并進(jìn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。中國(guó)已經(jīng)加入WTO后，資源在全球范圍內(nèi)的流動(dòng)和配置大大加強(qiáng)，企業(yè)面臨的國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，越來(lái)越多的跨國(guó)公司正加快對(duì)中國(guó)的投資速度，紛紛到中國(guó)設(shè)立或擴(kuò)大加工基地與研發(fā)基地，一大批中國(guó)企業(yè)也將真正融入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，有些還將直接成為國(guó)際跨國(guó)公司的配套企業(yè)，這些都將大大加快中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)接軌的步伐，加劇中國(guó)企業(yè)在本土和國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)與外商的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這都將對(duì)我國(guó)的物流業(yè)提出更高的要求。在這種新環(huán)境下，我國(guó)的物流企業(yè)必須把握好現(xiàn)代物流的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，運(yùn)用行進(jìn)的管理技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)，提升自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和整體優(yōu)勢(shì)，提高物流作業(yè)的管理能力和創(chuàng)新能力，在走我國(guó)新型工業(yè)化的道路上努力。

In order to realize the resources and the efficient flow of merchandise in and exchange, promote the development of regional economy and the global resources optimization configuration requirements, logistics operation must be developed to the direction of globalization. Under the trend of globalization, logistics, international trade and multinational business goal is to provide service, the best way and the path, at the lowest cost and minimum risk, ensure the quality, and on time the goods from China shipped to another country of the buyer, the supplier make the national logistics system "standards" to each other, it represents a higher stage of logistics development.

Entering the new century, China is shouldering the task of industrialization, speed up the modernisation of the historic task. Facing the information turn the tide of globalization, informatization has become the realization of industrialization and modernization of inevitable choice. Offered to take a new road to industrialization in China, its essence is to information impetus industrialization, by industrialization promotion becoming an information based society, to interact, to achieve leapfrog development. After China has joined WTO, the flow of resources on a global scale, and configuration greatly strengthen, enterprises are faced with the domestic and international market competition more intense,More and more multinational companies are to speed up the investment in China, in succession to China to set up or expand processing base and research and development base, a large number of Chinese enterprises will also be truly integrated into the global industrial chain, some will also become international multinational company of form a complete set of enterprise directly, all of these will greatly speed up the pace of China´s economy and international economy, the deepening of Chinese enterprises in the domestic and international scope and foreign competition,It will be on our country´s logistics industry put forward higher request. In this new environment, China´s logistics enterprises must grasp the good development trend of modern logistics, the use of travel management and information technology, and improve their competitiveness and overall advantage, improve the management ability and innovation ability of logistics operation, efforts on to the road of new industrialization in our country.